Astron. Astrophys. 361, 1095-1111 (2000)

Multi-wavelength observations of the massive YSO RAFGL7009S ^*

E. Dartois ¹, M. Gerin ² and L. d'Hendecourt <sup>3

1</sup> Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (UPS2074), 300 Rue de la piscine, 38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
² Ecole Normale Supérieure (UMR8540), 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France
³ Université Paris XI, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale - CNRS (UMR8617), Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

Received 29 March 2000 / Accepted 6 July 2000

Abstract

We present multi-wavelength observations of the young stellar object RAFGL7009S. The analysis combines single dish (IRAM 30m), interferometric (Plateau de Bure Interferometer), as well as infrared (UKIRT and ISO) observations. We use those data to globally describe the source (Spectral Energy Distribution, density) and its environment. We also derive the position of the central object (associated with the HII region) to 1"  precision using the interferometer observations. We have observed HDO and CH₃OD in single dish measurements and derive the D/H ratio for water and methanol in the gas phase. Laboratory experiments allow us to derive upper limits to the enrichment of the same species in the solid phase. It is argued that CH₃OH seems to be a good tracer for grain deuterium enrichment in the environment of RAFGL7009S. Observations of HCN and HNC isomers indicate that along the line of sight, two velocity independent temperature regions coexist.

Key words: ISM: dust, extinction ISM: individual objects: RAFGL70009S infrared: ISM: continuum infrared: ISM: lines and bands

* Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30m telescope, Plateau de Bure interferometer, Infrared space Observatory (ISO) and United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT). IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). ISO is an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. The United Kingdom Infrared Telescope is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre on behalf of the U.K. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council.

Send offprint requests to: E. Dartois (dartois@ias.fr)

SIMBAD Objects

Contents

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Observations
• 3. Global properties of RAFGL7009S
  • 3.1. Mass distribution
  • 3.2. Mean H₂ density
• 4. CH₃CN, CH₃CCH and CH₃OH
  • 4.1. Analysis: The modified rotational diagram
  • 4.2. CH₃CN
  • 4.3. CH₃CCH
  • 4.4. CH₃OH
• 5. Deuterated species
  • 5.1. HDO, H₂O and CH₃OD in the gas phase
  • 5.2. Solid phase HDO
    • 5.2.1. Laboratory experiments
    • 5.2.2. Determination of the OD stretch absorption cross-section
  • 5.3. Production of an H₂O_HDO mixture
  • 5.4. Discussion
    • 5.4.1. Solid phase
    • 5.4.2. Gas-solid phase models
    • 5.4.3. Pure gas phase
    • 5.4.4. Summary
• 6. HCN and HNC
• 7. Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• References

© European Southern Observatory (ESO) 2000

Online publication: October 10, 2000
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