Astron. Astrophys. 347, 809-820 (1999)

Proposed identification of Hubble Deep Field submillimeter source HDF 850.1

D. Downes ¹, R. Neri ¹, A. Greve ¹, S. Guilloteau ¹, F. Casoli ², D. Hughes ^3,4, D. Lutz ⁵, K.M. Menten ⁶, D.J. Wilner ⁷, P. Andreani ⁸, F. Bertoldi ⁶, C.L. Carilli ⁹, J. Dunlop ³, R. Genzel ⁵, F. Gueth ⁶, R.J. Ivison ¹⁰, R.G. Mann ¹¹, Y. Mellier ^2,12, S. Oliver ¹¹, J. Peacock ³, D. Rigopoulou ⁵, M. Rowan-Robinson ¹¹, P. Schilke ⁶, S. Serjeant ¹¹, L.J. Tacconi ⁵ and M. Wright <sup>13

1</sup> Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique, Domaine Universitaire, F-38406 St. Martin d'Hères, France
² DEMIRM, Observatoire de Paris, 61 av. de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France, and UMR 8540 du CNRS
³ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
⁴ Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
⁵ Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
⁶ Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
⁷ Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
⁸ Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
⁹ National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
¹⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
¹¹ Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BZ, UK
¹² Institut d'Astrophysique, 98bis, Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
¹³ Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Received 8 April 1999 / Accepted 12 May 1999

Abstract

The IRAM Interferometer has been used to detect the submillimeter source HDF 850.1 found by Hughes et al. (1998) in the Hubble Deep Field. The flux density measured at 1.3 mm (236 GHz) is 2.2 mJy, in agreement with the flux density measured at the JCMT. The flux densities and upper limits measured at 3.4, 2.8, 1.3, 0.85, and 0.45 mm show that the emission comes from dust. We suggest that the 1.3 mm dust source is associated with the optical arc-like feature, 3-593.0, that has a photometric redshift . If the HDF 850.1 is at this redshift and unlensed, its spectral energy distribution, combined with that of 3-593.0, matches closely that of the ultraluminous galaxy VII Zw 31. Another possibility is that the dust source may be gravitationally lensed by the elliptical galaxy 3-586.0 at .

The position of the dust source agrees within the errors with that of the tentative VLA radio source 3651+1226.

Key words: galaxies: individual: HDF 850.1 galaxies: ISM galaxies: structure cosmology: observations

Send offprint requests to: D. Downes (downes@iram.fr)

SIMBAD Objects

Contents

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Observations
• 3. Results
  • 3.1. Detection at 1.3 mm
  • 3.2. Size of the 1.3 mm source
  • 3.3. No detection of 3 mm continuum
  • 3.4. No spectral lines detected
• 4. Astrometry
• 5. Source identification
  • 5.1. Dust flux ratios, dust temperature, and gas mass
  • 5.2. Other arguments against identifying HDF 850.1 with the elliptical galaxy 3-586.0
• 6. Discussion
  • 6.1. The dust source HDF850.1 as an unlensed source
  • 6.2. The dust source HDF850.1 as a lensed source
  • 6.3. Comparison with other lensed systems
  • 6.4. Possible identification of the dust source with the tentative VLA source 3651+1226 and implications from the radio-FIR relation
• 7. Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix A: the cm-radio source 3651+1221
• References

© European Southern Observatory (ESO) 1999

Online publication: June 6, 1999
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